Epact Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe


	English

English instrument making was not a settled trade until the second half of the 16th century (although more isolated earlier instruments can be linked to university or ecclesiastical settings). Previously there had been some immigrant mathematicians, such as Nicolaus Kratzer from Germany or Thomas Gemini from Flanders, but the first native English maker is usually taken to be Humfrey Cole, whose work coincides with a more general awakening of mathematical interest. This style of early English work indicates its links to Flemish craftsmen.

For English instruments, see:

Astrolabe, Signed by Blakene, English, Dated 1342 (London, BM)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, Later 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, circa 1370 (Oxford, MHS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, Later 14th century (Oxford, MHS)

Astrolabe, Signed by Thomas Gemini, English, Mid 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, circa 1350 (Oxford, MHS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, circa 1300 (London, BM)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, circa 1600 ? (Oxford, MHS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, circa 1370 (Oxford, MHS)

Astrolabe, Signed by Charles Whitwell, English, Dated 1595 (Firenze, IMSS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, Late 14th century ? (London, BM)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, Dated 1326 (London, BM)

Astrolabe, Attributed to Charles Whitwell, English, Late 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Astrolabe, Unsigned, English, circa 1320 (Oxford, MHS)

Astronomical Compendium, Unsigned, English, circa 1600 ? (London, BM)

Astronomical Compendium, Signed 'V C', English, circa 1554 (Oxford, MHS)

Azimuth Dial, Unsigned, English, circa 1600 (London, BM)

Compass, Unsigned, English, 15th century ? (Oxford, MHS)

Diptych Dial, Unsigned, English, circa 1600 (Oxford, MHS)

Equinoctial Dial, Unsigned, English, Late 15th century ? (London, BM)

Folding Rule, Unsigned, English, Later 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Folding Rule, Unsigned, English, Later 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Horizontal Dial, Unsigned, English, circa 1500 (Oxford, MHS)

Horizontal Dial, Attributed to Nicholas Oursian, English, Dated 1542 (Oxford, MHS)

Nautical Circle, Signed by Charles Whitwell, English, Late 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Nautical Hemisphere, Signed by Charles Whitwell, English, Late 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Navicula Dial, Unsigned, English, 15th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Nocturnal, Unsigned, English, 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Pendant Sundial, Unsigned, English, Medieval (Oxford, MHS)

Plane Table, Signed by James Kynvyn, English, Dated 1595 (Firenze, IMSS)

Protractor, Unsigned, English, Late 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Quadrant, Signed by Robert Dudley, English, Dated 1597 (Firenze, IMSS)

Quadrant, Signed by Charles Whitwell, English, Dated 1595 (Firenze, IMSS)

Quadrant, Signed by Thomas Gemini, English, Mid 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Quadrant, Unsigned, English, Dated 1399 (London, BM)

Quadrant, Attributed to James Kynvyn, English, Date; place Undated (Firenze, IMSS)

Quadrant, Unsigned, English, 14th century (London, BM)

Quadrant, Unsigned, English, circa 1400 (Oxford, MHS)

Quadrant, Unsigned, English, Dated to 1400 (London, BM)

Ramming Rods, Unsigned, English, 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Ring Dial, Attributed to Epiphanius Evesham, English, circa 1600 (Oxford, MHS)

Surveying Rod, Unsigned, English, 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Theodolite, Unsigned, English, Later 16th century (Firenze, IMSS)

Theodolite, Signed by Augustine Ryther, English, Dated 1590 (Firenze, IMSS)

Vertical Disc Dial, Signed by Charles Whitwell, English, Dated 1593 (Oxford, MHS)

Wind Rose, Signed by Robert Dudley, English, Dated 1596 (Firenze, IMSS)