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gauging rod: measuring stick, usually with a scale to provide a direct reading of volume, such as the liquid content of a barrel, or the weight of a cannonball.
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geographical astrolabe: form of astrolabe, where the lower plate is projected for the earth, while the rete includes the ecliptic.
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geographical planisphere: map of the earth, produced by geometrical projection of a sphere on to a flat surface. Included as the more prominent part of the geographical astrolabe.
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geometrical square: form of quadrant, with sides divided equally and having an alidade at one corner, used for measuring angles in terms of ratios in the manner of a shadow square on the back of an astrolabe.
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globe dial: form of sundial, where the hour lines are on the outer surface of a sphere.
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gnomon: the part of a sundial that casts the shadow for indicating the time.
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golden numbers: numbers denoting the positions of years in the lunar cycle, see article on time and date.
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graphometer: type of surveying instrument, see article on the graphometer.
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gunner's caliper: a instrument used to take dimensions in gunnery, such as the diameter of cannons and projectiles.
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