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Easter table: table for calculating the date of Easter, see article on time and date.
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ecliptic: line on the celestial sphere representing the annual path of the sun through the stars.
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epacts: numbers used in the calculation of Easter, see article on time and date.
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equal hours: system of hour reckoning, see article on time and date.
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equator: circle on the earth's surface 90 degrees from the poles, or the circle on the celestial sphere 90 degrees from the celestial poles.
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equatorial: relating to or based on the equator. Has much the same meaning as equinoctial.
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equatorial dial: another name for equinoctial dial.
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equatorium: instrument to determine the longitude of one or more of the planets at any given time.
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equinoctial: relating to or based on the equator, or relating to the equinox.
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equinoctial dial: sundial where the hour plate or circle is set parallel to the equator, see article on the sundial.
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equinoctial ring dial: type of sundial, included as an equinoctial dial, comprising two pivoted rings and a bridge for adjusting for solar declination, or of three rings.
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equinox: either of two points on the celestial sphere where the equator meets the ecliptic, representing the position of the sun when it is 90 degrees from the poles, or the two dates in the year when the sun is in this position in its annual cycle.
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folding rule: see rule.
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folding rule and level: a compound instrument combining the functions of both a folding rule and level.
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gauging rod: measuring stick, usually with a scale to provide a direct reading of volume, such as the liquid content of a barrel, or the weight of a cannonball.
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geographical astrolabe: form of astrolabe, where the lower plate is projected for the earth, while the rete includes the ecliptic.
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geographical planisphere: map of the earth, produced by geometrical projection of a sphere on to a flat surface. Included as the more prominent part of the geographical astrolabe.
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geometrical square: form of quadrant, with sides divided equally and having an alidade at one corner, used for measuring angles in terms of ratios in the manner of a shadow square on the back of an astrolabe.
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globe dial: form of sundial, where the hour lines are on the outer surface of a sphere.
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gnomon: the part of a sundial that casts the shadow for indicating the time.
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golden numbers: numbers denoting the positions of years in the lunar cycle, see article on time and date.
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graphometer: type of surveying instrument, see article on the graphometer.
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gunner's caliper: a instrument used to take dimensions in gunnery, such as the diameter of cannons and projectiles.
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gunner's compendium: an instrument combining several functions required by the gunner, often incorporating the gunner's sight and gunner's level, along with additional elements.
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gunner's folding rule: a folding rule carrying tables or scales specially adapted for the use of gunners.
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gunner's gauge scales: scales which provide the weight of a sphere (the shot) from a measurement of its diameter; in gunnery these scales were traditionally provided for iron, lead and stone.
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gunner's level: instrument used to set the elevation of a large gun, see article on the gunner's sight and level.
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gunner's rule: see rule.
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gunner's sight: instrument used to elevate and aim a large gun, see article on the gunner's sight and level.
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gunner's sight and level: instrument used to set a large gun to the horizontal, or to elevate and aim it on a target, see article on the gunner's sight and level.
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gunnery instrument: see gunner's compendium.
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hodometer: device for measuring distance by means of a wheel, pushed along the ground, attached to a geared movement with a dial or other form of distance register.
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horary quadrant: quadrant used to tell the time, usually from a measure of solar altitude, see article on the quadrant.
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horizon obliquus: line denoting the local horizon on an astrolabe latitude plate, see article on the astrolabe.
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horizon rectus: east-west line on an astrolabe latitude plate, see article on the astrolabe.
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horizontal dial: sundial where the hour lines are marked on a horizontal surface, see article on the sundial.
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hour lines: the time divisions on a sundial or other astronomical instrument.
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hour ring: the part of a sundial marked with the time divisions, where this part is in the form of a ring or broken ring.
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inclining dial: type of sundial projected as a horizontal dial for a particular latitude, but which can be inclined for use in a range of other latitudes.
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Italian hours: system of hour reckoning, see article on time and date.
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Jacob's staff: name for a cross-staff, especially when used for surveying, see article on the cross-staff.
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Julian calendar: calendar introduced by Julius Caesar and used in Europe until the sixteenth century, or later, see article on time and date.
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latitude: angle above or below the equator to indicate position on the earth. The celestial latitude, however, is an angular distance with respect to the ecliptic.
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latitude plate: part of an astrolabe with a projection of altitude and azimuth lines on to the equatorial plane, see article on the astrolabe.
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latitude projections: projection of altitude and azimuth lines on to the equatorial plane, see article on the astrolabe.
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level: name for different types of instrument used in surveying for determining the horizontal direction and differences in height, and in gunnery and elsewhere for adjusting something to the horizontal. See also gunner's level.
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level and sight: instrument used to set a large gun to the horizontal, or to elevate and aim it on a target, see article on the gunner's sight and level.
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limb: the outermost part or edge of a circular or part-circular instrument carrying a scale, usually divided in degrees.
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longitude: angle parallel to the equator to indicate position on the earth. The celestial longitude, however, is an angular distance parallel to the ecliptic.
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lunar dial: dial where the shadow is cast by moonlight instead of sunlight, see article on the sundial.
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lunar volvelle: volvelle indicating the age of the moon, which typically converts between the time indicated by the shadow of the moon on a sundial and solar time.
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