Menu   Introduction   Catalogue   Essay   Handlist   Museums   Makers   Bibliography   Places   Conventions   Articles   Credits   Glossary   Help   Search   Index				Cologne Cologne on the River Rhine in northern Germany was a member of the Hanseatic League and the seat of powerful archbishops. An important centre of trade in the later middle ages, and with a university of repute in the fifteenth century, Cologne was in decline as a commercial and intellectual centre by the later 16th century, but it is remembered in this period of instrument history for the work of Caspar Vopel. For Cologne instruments, see:    Nocturnal And Sundial, Signed by Caspar Vopel, Cologne, Dated 1557 (Oxford, MHS)    Nocturnal And Sundial, Signed by Caspar Vopel, Cologne, Dated 1551 (London, BM) || Introduction || Essay || Museums || Bibliography || Conventions || Credits || Privacy || Help || || Catalogue entries || Handlist || Makers || Places || Articles || Glossary || Search || Home ||