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 Bibliography
S. Ackermann, Humphrey Cole: Mint, Measurement and Maps in Elizabethan England (London, 1998).

S. Ackermann and J. Cherry, “Richard II, John Holland and Three Medieval Quadrants”, Annals of Science (in preparation).

G. Babbini, “Descrizione d ‘un antico odometro”, in Annali dell ‘Imperial Museo di Firenze, 2 (Florence, 1810).

E. von Bassermann-Jordan, Alte Uhren und ihre Meister (Leipzig 1926).

J. Bennett, The Measurers: A Flemish Image of Mathematics in the Sixteenth Century (Oxford, 1995).

J. Bennett and S. Johnston, The Geometry of War, 1500-1750 (Oxford, 1996).

H. von Bertele, “Early Clocks in Denmark”, Horological Journal 96 (1954), pp. 789-91.

M. Bobinger, Alt Augsburger Kompaßmacher: Sonnen, Mond und Sternenuhren, astronomische und mathematische Geräte, Räderuhren (Augsburg, 1966)

M. Bobinger, Christoph Schissler der ältere und der jüngere (Augsburg, 1954).

M. L. Bonelli (ed.), Catalogo degli strumenti del Museo di Storia della Scienza, Firenze, (Florence, 1954).

J. Brown, Mathematical Instrument-Makers in the Grocers’ Company 1688-1800, with Notes on some Earlier Makers (London, 1979).

J. Bruce, “Description of a Pocket Dial Made in 1593 for Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex”, Archaeologia 40 (1866), pp. 343-56.

G. Brusa, “Origine e definizione dell ‘orologio meccanico”, pp. 188-221 in M. Miniati Museo di storia della scienza: Catalago, (Florence, 1991), pp. 188-221.

R. Bud and D. J. Warner (eds.), Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia (New York and London, 1998).

B. Bushart, B. Rupprecht and B. Hamacher, Cosmas Damian Asam, 1686-1739: Leben und Werk [anläßlich der Ausstellung zum 300. Geburtstag Cosmas Damian Asams in Kloster Aldersbach, Niederbayern, vom 15. August bis 19. Oktober 1986] (München , 1986).

K. van Cleempoel, “A simple theodolite and sundial attributable to Gualterus Arsenius”, Sphæra: The Newsletter of the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, issue no. 7 (Spring, 1998).

K. van Cleempoel et al, Instrumentos Cientificos del Siglo XVI: la Corte Española y la Escuela de Lovaina (Madrid, 1997).

E. Dekker, “Epact Tables on Instruments: Their Definition and Use”, Annals of Science, 50 (1993), 303–24.

E. Dekker, “An Unrecorded Medieval Astrolabe Quadrant from c. 1300”, Annals of Science, 52 (1995), pp. 1-47.

J. Drecker, Gnomone und Sonnenuhren (Aachen, 1909).

J. Drecker, Zeitmessung und Sterndeutung in geschichtlicher Darstellung (Berlin, 1925).

W. Eckhardt, “Erasmus and Josua Habermel: Kunstgeschichtliche Anmerkungen zu den Werken der beiden Instrumentenmacher”, Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen 22 (1977), pp. 13-74.

W. Eckhardt, “Erasmus Habermel: Zur Biographie des Instrumentenmachers Kaiser Rudolfs II”, Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen 21 (1976), pp. 55-92.

L. Evans, “On a Portable Sundial of Gilt Brass made for Cardinal Wolsey”, Archaeologia, 57 (1901), pp. 331-4.

M. Felli, L ‘astrolabio di Galileo (Florence, 1983).

C. Ferguson, “On an Astrolabe Planisphere of English Make”, Archaeologica 52 (1889), pp. 75-84.

M. Fiorini, Sfere terrestri e celesti di autore italiano oppure fatte o conservate in Italia (Roma, 1899).

R. H. van Gent, The Portable Universe: Two Astrolabes of the Museum Boerhaave (Leiden, 1994).

S. L. Gibbs, Greek and Roman Sundials (New Haven and London, 1976).

F. K. Ginzel, Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie. Das Zeitrechnungswesen der Völker, vol. 3 (Leipzig 1914).

B. Goldstein, The Hebrew Astrolabe in the Adler Planetarium (Chicago, 1976). Reprinted in B. Goldstein, Theory and Observation in Ancient and Medieval Astronomy (London, 1985), paper no. XIX.

P. Gouk, The Ivory Sundials of Nuremberg 1500-1700 (Cambridge, 1988).

R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, (14 vols, Oxford, 1923-45).

R. T. Gunther, The Astrolabes of the World (2 vols, Oxford, 1932). Reprinted in one volume, London, 1976.

R. T. Gunther, “The Great Astrolabe and other Scientific Instruments of Humphrey Cole”, Archaeologia, 76 (1927), pp. 273-317.

W. Hackmann, “Nicolaus Kratzer: the King’s astronomer and Renaissance instrument-maker”, in D. Starkey (ed.), Henry VIII: a European Court in England (London, 1991), pp. 70-3.

M. Hambly, Drawing Instruments, 1580–1980 (London, 1988).

N. L. Hahn, “Medieval Mensuration: Quadrans vetus and Geometrie due sunt partes principales”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 72 (part 8, 1982).

K. Higgins, “The Classification of Sun-dials”, Annals of Science, 9 (1953), 342–58.

G. M. H[udson], “Sphere No. 7: A Plansipheric Astrolabe by Regnerus Arsenius?”, Sphæra: The Newsletter of the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, issue no. 7 (Spring,1998), p. 7.

D. A. King,"Mizwala", in The Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd edition, Leiden, 1991), vol. 7, pp. 210–1; reprinted in D. A. King, Astronomy in the Service of Islam (Aldershot and Brookfield, 1995), paper no. VIII.

D. A. King, “Rubc”, in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, (2nd edition, Leiden, 1994), vol. 8, pp. 574–5.

W. R. Knorr, “Sacrobosco’s Quadrans: Date and Sources”, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 28 (1997), 187–222.

C. Jagger, Royal Clocks: The British Monarchy and its Timekeepers 1300-1900, (London, 1983).

L. Janin, “Un compendium de poche par Humphrey Cole 1557”, Annali dell ‘Istituto e Museo de Storia della Scienza, 1 (part 2, 1976), pp. 9-12.

S. Johnston, “The Carpenter’s Rule: Instruments, Practitioners and Artisans in 16th-Century England”, in G. Dragoni, A. McConnell and G. Turner (eds), Proceedings of the Eleventh International Scientific Instrument Symposium (Bologna, 1994).

C. H. Josten, A Catalogue of Scientific Instruments from the 13th to the 19th Centuries from the Collection of J. A. Billmeir (Oxford, 1954).

H. Klemm, Georg Hartmann aus Eggolsheim (1489-1564): Ein Mathematiker, Physiker und Instrumentenmacher von Europäischem Rang (Markt Eggolsheim, 1989).

H. G. Klemm, “Georg Hartmann aus Eggolsheim (1489-1564): Leben und Werk eines fränkischen Mathematikers und Ingenieurs”, Wissenschaftliche und künstlerische Beiträge Ehrenbürg-Gymnasium Forchheim, 8 (1990).

J. T. Leader, Life of Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland (Florence, 1895).

J. H. Leopold, Astronomen Sterne Geräte: Landgraf Wilhelm IV und seine sich selbst bewegenden Globen (Luzern, 1986).

S. A. Lloyd, Ivory Diptych Sundials 1570-1750 (London, 1992).

F. R Maddison, A Supplement to a Catalogue of Scientific Instruments in the Collection of J. A. Billmeir (Oxford, 1957).

Magnificenza alla corte dei Medici: arte a Firenze alla fine del Cinquecento (Milan, 1997).

L. von Mackensen, H. von Bertele and J. H. Leopold, Die erste Sternwarte Europas mit ihren Instrumenten und Uhren: 400 Jahre Jost Bürgi in Kassel (3rd ed., Munich, 1988).

A. Meskens, “Michiel Coignet’s Contribution to the Development of the Sector”, Annals of Science 54 (1997), pp. 143-60.

F. Meucci, La sfera armillare di Tolomeo (Florence, 1876).

H. Michel, Traité de l‘Astrolabe (Paris, 1947).

H. Michel, Michel’s Makers List, Dec. 2, 1952 (Typescript in possession of the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford).

A. Mills, “Chalice Dials”, Bulletin of the British Sundial Society (part 3, 1995), pp. 19-26.

M. Miniati, “Le cadran universel de Tobias Volckmer conservé au Musée d’Histoire des Sciences de Florence”, ANCAHA 46 (1986), pp. 55-62.

M. Miniati, Museo di Storia della scienza: Catalogo (Florence, 1991).

W. H. Morley, Description of a Planispheric Astrolabe Constructed for Shah Sultan Husain Safawi, King of Persia, and now preserved in the British Museum; comprising an account of the Astrolabe generally (London, 1856). Reprinted in R. T. Gunther, The Astrolabes of the World (2 vols, Oxford, 1932), vol. 1, pp. xix-50.

W. F. J. Mörzer Bruyns, The Cross-Staff: History and Development of a Navigational Instrument (Zutphen, 1994).

[National Maritime Museum, London], The Planispheric Astrolabe (London, 1976).

J. D. North, “The Astrolabe”, Scientific American, 230 (1974), pp. 96–106.

J. D. North, “Nicolaus Kratzer - the King’s astronomer”, in E. Hilfstein et al. (eds), Science and History: Studies in Honour of Edward Rosen (1978), pp. 205-34.

F. Nolte, “Die Armillarsphäre”, Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Medizin, heft 2 (1922); reprinted in F. Sezgin (ed.), Arabische Instrumente in orientalistischen Studien, (6 vols, Frankfurt am Main, 1991), vol. 4, pp. 162–214.

F. van Ortroy, Bio-bibliographie de Gemma Frisius (Brussels, 1920, ‘présenté à la Classe des lettres de l‘Académie royale de Belgique, dans sa séance du 4 décembre 1911).

A. S. Osley, A Monograph on the Lettering of Maps etc. (London, 1969).

D. J. Price, “A Collection of Armillary Spheres and other Antique Scientific Instruments”, Annals of Science, 10 (1954), pp. 172-87.

H. Raeder, E. Strömgren and B. Strömgren, Tycho Brahe’s Description of his Instruments and Scientific Work as given in Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica (Wandesburgi 1598) (Copenhagen, 1946).

V. A. Rasquin, Dictionnaire des Constructeurs Belges d’Instruments Scientifiques (les origines à 1914) (Brussels, 1996).

G. Righini, “Il grande astrolabio del Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze”, Annali dell ‘Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze, 2 (part. 2, 1977), pp. 45-66.

N. Ritchie, “Sir Robert Dudley: expatriate in Tuscan service”, History Today, 26 (1976), pp. 385-92.

A. Rohde, Die Geschichte der Wissenschaftlichen Instrumente, (Leipzig, 1923).

R. R. J. Rohr, Sundials: History, Theory, and Practice (Toronto, 1970).

P. Schmalzl, Zur Geschichte des Quadranten bei den Arabern (Munich, 1929); reprinted in: F. Sezgin (ed.), Arabische Instrumente in orientalistischen Studien (6 vols, Frankfurt am Main, 1991), vol. 6, pp. 189–331.

D. Starkey (ed.), Henry VIII: a European Court in England (London, 1991).

A. Stimson, The Mariner’s Astrolabe (Utrecht, 1988).

R. Taylor, “Remarks on an Astrolabe”, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, 12 (1887-8).

A. J. Turner, “Ivory Diptych Sundials in Flanders”, in S. Lloyd, Ivory Diptych Sundials 1570-1750, Catalogue of the Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments, Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass., 1992).

A. J. Turner, “Paper, Print, and Mathematics: Philippe Danfrie and the Making of Mathematical Instruments in late 16th century Paris”, pp. 22-42 in C. Blondel, et al. (eds.), Studies in the History of Scientific Instruments (London and Paris, 1989).

A. J. Turner, “Sun-dials: History and Classification”, History of Science, 27 (1989), 303–18; reprinted in A. J. Turner, Of Time and Measurement: Studies in the History of Horology and Fine Technology (Aldershot and Brookfield, 1993), paper no. II.

A. J. Turner, The Time Museum Catalogues: Vol. 1, Time Measuring Instruments, Part 1, Astrolabes, Astrolabe Related Instruments (Rockford, 1985).

G. L ’E. Turner, “Charles Whitwell’s addition, c. 1595, to a fourteenth-century quadrant”, The Antiquaries Journal, 65 (1985), pp. 444-5.

G. L ’E. Turner, “Gerard Mercator, Constructor de Astrolabios”, in K. van Cleempoel et al, Instrumentos Cientificos del Siglo XVI: la Corte Española y la Escuela de Lovaina (Madrid, 1997),pp. 110-23 [pp. 75-80 in the English summary].

G. L ’E. Turner, “Mathematical Instrument-Making in London in the Sixteenth Century”, in S. Tyacke (ed.), English Map-Making 1500-1650 (London, 1983), pp. 93-106.

G. L ’E. Turner, “The Florentine workshop of Giovan Battista Giusti, 1556-c.1575”, Nuncius: Annali di storia della scienza, 10 (1995), pp. 131-172.

G. L ’E. Turner, “The Three Astrolabes of Gerard Mercator”, Annals of Science, 51 (1994), pp. 329-53.

G. L ’E. Turner and E. Dekker, “An astrolabe attributed to Gerard Mercator, c.1570”, Annals of Science, 50 (1993), pp. 403-43.

F. A. B. Ward, A Catalogue of European Scientific Instruments in the Department of Medieval and Later Antiquities of the British Museum (London 1981).

C. Vincent and B. Chandler, “Night-time and Easter Time: The Rotations of the Sun, the Moon, and the Little Bear in Renaissance Time Reckoning”, Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 2 (1969), pp. 372-84.

M. Watelet (ed.), Gérard Mercator Cosmographe, le Temps et l’Espace (Antwerp, 1994).

W. S. B. Woolhouse, Historical Measures, Weights, Calendars & Moneys of all Nations: And an Analysis of the Christian, Hebrew and Muhammadan Calendars (With Tables up to 2000 A.D.), (7th ed., London, 1890), reprinted Chicago, 1979, pp. 143–209.

E. Zinner, Deutsche und Niederländische astronomische Instrumente des 11. bis 18. Jahrhunderts (Munich, 1957). Second edition., Munich, 1967.

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