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magic square: square grid with a number in each cell for which the sum of each row, column and diagonal is the same.
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magnetic compass: instrument indicating directions by a magnetic needle, see article on the compass.
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magnetic deviation: the angle between geographical north and the direction indicated by a compass needle.
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magnitudes: numbers in a scale of the relative brightnesses of the stars, 1 being the brightest.
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mariner's astrolabe: altitude-measuring instrument for finding latitude at sea, having a heavy brass or bronze ring, suspended by a shackle and ring, with a degree scale and a centrally-pivoted alidade.
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