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calendar: system of reckoning dates, see article on time and date.
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calendar-zodiac scale: scales relating the sun's position in the zodiac to the date.
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caliper: instrument used to take dimensions. One type has two curved legs whose endpoints are used to determine the diameters of spheres.
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Cardan suspension: universal mounting attributed to the 16th-century Italian philosopher and physician Girolamo Cardano which, by means of gimbals, allows the supported part to remain horizontal irrespective of the orientation of the rest of the instrument.
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cardinal points: the main directions on the mariner's compass, north, south, east and west.
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carpenter's rule: measuring ruler carrying one or more scales for calculating the volume of timber or the surface area of board or planking.
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celestial globe: globe marked with the positions of the stars.
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